7 Financial Planning Mistakes Special Needs Families Should Avoid
As the sibling of a brother with Autism and other developmental challenges, and a career financial advisor who focuses on working with families with special needs members, I have seen a number of common financial planning mistakes made by families all of whom had the best intentions. Even when attorneys and other specialists are included in the planning, the mistakes below tend to go undetected.
If you work with an advisor and attorney who have experience assisting families with special needs children, and you avoid these mistakes, you will be positioning your special needs child for a successful future.
1. Beneficiary designations.
Beneficiary designations are not changed on company retirement plans, IRAs, and life insurance policies to reflect the desired flow of assets to the Special Needs Trust and NOT to the individual outright. The beneficiary designations, and not your will, will determine these distributions.
2. Funding A Special Needs Trust With Term Life Insurance.
Often, term insurance is purchased to fund the Special Needs Trust because it is more cost effective for families in the short-run. Given the likelihood that the financial needs of the special needs individual will last beyond his/her parents’ lifetimes, permanent life insurance (i.e. whole life, universal life, or variable life) should be chosen because if structured properly it will be more cost effective over the lifetimes of the parents.3. Special Needs Trusts are drafted into the parents’ estate plans to be implemented upon the death of the second parent.
While this approach is simpler administratively, the better approach is to create a stand-alone Special Needs Trust that is operable immediately. It is impossible to know when a relative may pass away and leave assets to the special needs child. If the Special Needs Trust is not in existence when the gift is made, the child risks losing or delaying his/her access to valuable public benefits.4. Parents or other family members fund 529 Plans or other college savings plans in the name of the child with special needs.
While 529 Plans have wonderful income tax advantages, they can be disastrous if the child does not continue his/her education beyond high school and desires to receive public aid after reaching age 18. The 529 Plans count as assets held by the child and will most likely disqualify him/her from receiving public benefits.5. The same family member is chosen as the Executor/Trustee/Guardian in estate planning documents.
Do not assume that the family member who may be best at handling administrative and financial matters after your death is the optimal care giver for your special needs child. Give careful consideration to whether or not there is a family member who will be willing and capable to provide the care your child will need when you are gone. If you are not confident that the ideal care giver exists within your family, consider naming an agency that specializes in providing the services your child will need.6. Not communicating your planning with your extended family.
Not communicating with your family can create major headaches. If grandparents and relatives are not aware of the existence of your Special Needs Trust and the importance of naming it specifically in lieu of the child, their gift may have adverse consequences. Either a Self-Settled Special Needs Trust (also known as a Payback Trust) may be required or benefits may be reduced or lost altogether for a period of time.7. Directions for a smooth transition in care giving are not explicitly documented.
The most important non-legal document parents can leave behind at death is the letter of intent related to their special needs child. There is no required format. It should include the individual’s routines, likes and dislikes, medicines, specialists, friends, and other details that will allow a future care giver the best opportunity to maintain the quality of life enjoyed by the child prior to their parents’ passing.
